Identify and explain the operating principles of water turbines and pumps.

.1: Evaluate the impact of a jet of fluid on a moving vane

12)
a. A jet of water 25mm in diameter and having a velocity of 8.5 m/s strikes a flat plate. Calculate the force on the plate (a) if it is stationary, and (b) if it moves in the same direction as the jet at 3.3 m/s

b. A jet of water issues from a nozzle under a pressure head of 45m and strikes normally against a fixed flat vane, exerting a force of 730N on the vane. What must be the diameter of the nozzle?

c. The fixed vane is replaced with a series of flat vanes moving in the direction of the jet at a speed of 12 m/s, each normal to the jet. Calculate:

(i) the force exerted on the vanes,
(ii) the input and output power to the machine and
(iii) the efficiency of the system

Learning Outcome 4.2

4.2: Identify and explain the operating principles of water turbines and pumps

13) For two types of pump or turbine, produce a power-point presentation on the operating principles and characteristics of each (maximum of 15 slides excluding tables. Provide references for all your sources)