Causal reasoning involves utilizing knowledge about

Questions

1. _________ includes facts about situations and people, and __________ includes how we categorize, judge, and infer, solve problems, and perform actions.

Concept knowledge, rule knowledge.

Rule knowledge, concept knowledge.

2. In associative memory models, if a person recalls a certain idea, activating a node in their memory, what happens to that activation?

It is contained, only activating that node unless deliberate effort is taken to recall other ideas

Up to three other nodes surrounding the initial node are activated, all of which are directly linked to the initial node

The activation spreads, moving out along links between the nodes

None of the above

3. Mr. Patel is involved in an effort to help his students see academic success as part of their ___________. His students then exhibit greater academic achievement in their grades and behaviors.

Relational selves

Feared selves

Possible selves

Interdependent selves

4. The correspondence bias is most likely related to which of the following?

Anchoring

Prior significance

Paired distinctiveness

None of the above

5. Which of the following best describes objective self-awareness?

People recalling positive material in positive moods and sometimes recalling negative material in negative moods.

The experience of the self as the target of other`s perceptions, often experiencing the self as failing to live up to ideal standards.

One`s understanding of who one should be.

People coping with threats to their self-worth by endorsing other, unrelated aspects of themselves, thereby addressing self-enhancement needs.

6. Which of the following is a reason why social inference may fail to match normative models?

Social perceivers operate under efficiency pressures

Social perceivers have multiple goals

Social perceivers operate under accuracy pressures

All are correct

7. Which of the following is NOT a reference point against to which social information is often compared in social cognition research?

expected utility theory

The law of large numbers

Correlational computations

Experts` intuitions

8. _________ is/are variously defined as the array of knowledge, plans, and strategies that people use in social interactions, but sometimes just as specific social, expressive, and communicative skills.

Embedded attitudes.

Self-regulation.

Social intelligence.

Implementation mindsets.

9. Research demonstrates that directed-gaze faces:

Are easier to recall

Are seen as both likable and attractive

Are more rapidly categorized by gender

All are correct

10. If you happen to bump into an old classmate and find yourself acting exactly the way you did when you were in high school, which of the following would best describe this occurrence?

Upward social comparison

Self-regulation

Transference

None of the above

11. McGuire`s (1969) model of information processing can be best described as which of the following?

Sequential

Parallel

Automatic

All of the above

12. Causal reasoning involves utilizing knowledge about:

Situational circumstances

Other people`s dispositions

Similar past events

All are correct

13. Which of the following is an example of an attributional process in social cognition?

The act of planning the actions to take given a social situation

The act of reminiscing about the descriptive details of a past event or environment

The act of inferring the possible reasons why another person behaved in a particular way

None of the above

14. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

People draw trait inferences from physical attributes, including facial appearance

Facial judgments made after a 100 millisecond exposure to faces are uncorrelated to judgments made without time constraints

People can attribute dispositional characteristics to others based on very minimal cues

Rapid dispositional inferences from physical information has real-world consequences

15. Which of the following would be the best cue to rapidly direct someone`s gaze to the left?

An arrow pointing left

A person who is looking to the left

A finger and hand pointing left

Displaying the word "left"

16. Which of the following neural systems are not implicated in face perception?

The fusiform face area (FFA)

The superior temporal sulcus (STS)

Medulla oblongata

All of the above

17. When could characterizing information on the basis of preexisting theories lead to inaccurate assessments?

When an individual is wary of believing that their preexisting theories are based on raw data

When the data to be considered overrules the preexisting theories

When the preexisting theories are suspect

None of the above

18. Which of the following groups has most research in social psychology focused on?

Race

Gender

Both Race and Gender

Age

19. According to the Person Memory Model, the inconsistency advantage may be limited to impressions with very ________ pieces of inconsistent information against a(n) ___________consistent information baseline

Many, extraordinarily

Few, extraordinarily

Many, sparsely

Few, sparsely

20. Which of the following models of social thinker is most strongly supported by recent research in social cognition?

Naive scientist

Activated actor

Cognitive miser

Motivated tactician

21. Which of the following is a heuristic related to estimations of position on a dimension?

Representativeness

Simulation

Availability

Anchoring

22. Which of the following emotions would be associated with an individual who is stereotyped as low on both warmth and competence

Pity

Disgust

Both A & B

Envy

23. What does prospect theory describe?

The simulation of counterfactual reasoning

The decision process involved in complex social problems

The decision process involved in comparing between different options

The decision process involved in forecasting events

24. Which of the following types of moods have been shown to most often facilitate helping behavior?

Negative moods, likely because people will turn to helping behavior to make themselves feel better.

Positive moods, likely because people want to maintain their positive mood by helping others.

Neutral moods, likely because people are more attuned to the needs of others.

All of the above.

25. Which of the following is one of the main roots of blatant bias?

Economic threats

Internal conflict

Both A and B

None of the above